Glossary of Water PurificationCartridge is a disposable part of a water filter.Chlorine is a chemical substance that is used as disinfectant in water purification systems. Sometimes it is used in bleaching. Chlorine has a sharp odor. Exposed to water it dissolves and free chlorine is formed. Being very active free chlorine can form different derivatives both harmful and not. Colloid is a tiny particle (with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.001) that is suspended in fluid or dispersed in the air. Colloids can be removed by water filters based on reverse osmosis water purification systems, distillation and ultrafiltration. Concentration is the amount of substance contained in a unit volume of liquid. Contaminant is a particle, substance that causes contamination. It can also be called an impurity. Generally a contaminant is any substance in water that differs from its original structure H2O. Distillation is one of the methods of water purification. In water filters based on distillation water is boiled and evaporated. All the contaminants are removed and then water is cooled down in a separate container. The process is quite expensive and long-lasting, but very effective. Filtrate is the water (or any other liquid or substance) that has passed through a water filter. Hard water is water where there’s too much calcium and magnesium. Water hardness can be soft, average, hard and very hard. Hard water creates problems when heated as calcium carbonate is formed. This precipitation makes harm to heating appliances, damages basins, sinks, plumbing devices. Additional energy is needed to heat hard water. Besides soap don’t react with very hard water. Hard water is especially dangerous for people with skin diseases as it irritates skin, make it dry and inflexible. Mg/L stands for milligrams of substance per liter of water. Molecule is a small unit of a substance. It consists of one or several atoms. Reverse Osmosis is a water purification process based on the use of semi-permeable membrane. While water (or any other liquid) passes through the water filter (membrane) contaminants are separated. The separation is possible due to the pressure and consistency differences of liquids on both sides of the membrane. The liquids with higher concentration goes through the water filter to the other side where the concentration is lower. The water purification occurs under pressure. In such a way ionized salts and colloids are separated. Another name for this water purification process is hyperfiltratin. Semi-permeable membrane is a water purification system some pure water filters are based on. The membranes allows certain particles to pass through it while other particles are trapped. Sterilization is a process during which bacteria and different other microorganism are killed exposed to a high temperature. Vaporization – the process of converting liquids into a vapor. |
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